‘Chemical jobs’ – should women be worried?

Manufacturing - factories

The study behind this week’s headlines had several major limitations

There’s been quite a bit of media coverage this week suggesting that women in so-called ‘chemical jobs’ may face a higher risk of breast cancer, including this story by the BBC.

The headlines were based on a new study published in the journal Environmental Health looking at how likely women in different jobs are to develop breast cancer.

But what did the study really show? And what are ‘chemical jobs’ anyway? We wanted to clear up one or two things about the study, and who is and isn’t at risk because of their job.

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Diesel exhaust fumes ‘definitely’ cause cancer – should we be worried?

Exhaust fumes

Exhaust fumes have been conclusively linked to lung cancer

Today the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) – part of the World Health Organisation – announced that it had reclassified diesel exhaust as a ‘definite carcinogen’ – putting it in its highest category (Category 1).

In other words, IARC’s expert panel assessed all the available scientific evidence and decided that exposure to diesel exhaust fumes can, and does, cause cancer in humans – specifically lung cancer (although there’s weak evidence they’re also linked to bladder cancer).

But what does this mean in practice? Is this something the general public should be worried about?

We spoke to Professor David Phillips – a Cancer Research UK-funded carcinogen expert from King’s College London – to ask him what he thought of the announcement.

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The causes of cancer you can control

Can cancer be prevented? Decades of research have shown that a person’s chances of getting cancer depends on a mishmash of their genes and their environment, but also certain aspects of their lives, many of which they can control.

Today saw the publication of a landmark Cancer Research UK-funded review by Professor Max Parkin, outlining the latest evidence behind the preventable causes of UK cancers.

As our press release says, these latest calculations, based on predicted cases  for 2010, show that smoking, diet, alcohol and obesity are behind more than 100,000 cancers. This is equivalent to one third of all cancers diagnosed in the UK each year.

And this figure further increases to around 134,000 when taking into account all 14 lifestyle and environmental risk factors analysed in this study.

There’s more in-depth information about the statistics on our website, and our healthy living pages explain the take-home messages from the research.

But to help make sense of the vast quantity of information contained in the 91-page report, we’ve also put together a graphic that shows the proportion of cancers that can be prevented through lifestyle changes. It’s worth spending a minute or so looking at the key to understand how to interpret the graphic (which you can download as a larger PDF version).

Attributable risk infographic

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The Pill and prostate cancer

The Pill

Latest research does not suggest the Pill causes prostate cancer

This morning we woke up to headlines proclaiming that women taking the Pill could increase the risk of… prostate cancer.

That might sound silly – women don’t even have prostates, after all – but it seemed to be what the study concluded.

But as quite often happens, it’s not quite as simple a story as it seems. Let’s take a look at what the researchers actually did, and what they concluded.
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No need to worry about having a shower or drinking water

A woman swimming

Going for a swim won't give you cancer

Swimming too often in chlorinated water ‘could increase risk of developing bladder cancer’, claim scientists”.

But did they, or is this another example of misreporting cancer research by the media?

Unfortunately, it’s the latter. This is an example of poor reporting, which makes unwarranted claims about human health. The research itself says nothing new about bladder cancer, and didn’t even involve people with the disease.

Let’s have a look at what’s going on.

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Our ‘cancer controversies’ pages – a one-stop myth-busting shop

Plastic bottles

Despite Internet rumours, plastic bottles do not cause cancer

It seems that not a week goes by without a mention in the media or the internet of something that may cause or prevent cancer. These stories are often over-simplified and can be misleading.

People often worry unnecessarily about these, get confused or distracted from things that genuinely affect the risk of cancer.

To clear up some of the confusion, we’ve added some new pages to the “cancer controversies” section of our website,  to address some of the more common questions that we get asked by the public.

The new topics are:

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Claims that cancer is only a ‘modern, man-made disease’ are false and misleading

Greek statue

Cancer has always been with us, from ancient civilisations to today.

We were concerned to see headlines in the media today claiming that scientists say cancer is ‘purely man-made’. This is not only scientifically incorrect, but misleading to the public and cancer patients.

Our lifestyles have a great impact on our chances of developing cancer – as we’ve said many times.  But the evidence that’s being used to justify these latest headlines doesn’t in any way support the assertion that cancer is modern or man-made.

In this case, researchers compared modern cancer rates to what they assume cancer rates were in pre-industrial civilisations. And they conclude that the difference between the two mean that cancer is caused by modernisation. We think this is completely unwarranted assumption, for a number of reasons – chiefly that people in ancient times didn’t live as long as people do nowadays, and cancer is predominantly a disease of older people.

We spoke to our director of Cancer Information, Dr Lesley Walker to find out what she thought of the story:

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So where has this story come from? And what are the real facts behind the headlines?

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