“Dear Cancer, I beat you aged eight and today I got my PhD in cancer research”

Dr Vicky Forster in the lab

Dr Vicky Forster at work in the lab

December is Childhood Cancer Awareness month, and it will always be a memorable time for Dr Vicky Forster – but not for the right reasons.

In this inspiring piece for the Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) newsletter, Contact, she describes her own experience of cancer as a child and how it motivated her to pursue a career as a cancer researcher. She also tells the story of how a celebratory tweet when she gained her PhD made it around the world. Vicky’s now a scientist at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research – part of our Newcastle Cancer Centre. Thanks to Vicky and the CCLG for allowing us to share her story here.

On Christmas day in 1994, whilst the rest of my family were playing games in the lounge, I was asleep in bed upstairs feeling absolutely exhausted, despite the fact that I had only woken up a few hours previously.  I had been ill for a few weeks with what the doctor thought was a chest infection.  Later that week, when I still wasn’t better, my mum took me to the doctor again who sent me for a blood test.

Vicky aged eight

Vicky aged eight, undergoing cancer treatment

On New Year’s Eve 1994, I was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and admitted to St. Bartholomew’s hospital in London for a two and a half year program of treatment.   All of my family were extremely shocked about the diagnosis, but we coped – my parents taking it in turns to either be in hospital with me in London, or with my little sister Becky who had just started school back home in Essex.  It was hard being off school for so long at that age, as I really loved being in school, but the teachers at the hospital were incredible for keeping my passion for learning going.

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Alternative cancer treatment claims in the media are damaging and misleading

Avocado

Fruit and vegetables are good for you but there’s no evidence that they can treat cancer. (Image from Wikimedia commons)

We were concerned to see an article in the Daily Express today asking “Do cancer alternatives really work?” This piece contains factual and scientific inaccuracies, as well as misleading information that could potentially cause harm to people with cancer. We have written a short letter to the Express with our concerns (Edit: which they have declined to publish – see end of post KA), and wanted to address the claims made in the article in full here.

We completely understand that people would like to try everything to help themselves after a diagnosis of cancer, but strongly urge any patient considering complementary or alternative therapy to talk to their cancer doctor or specialist nurse about the safety and effectiveness of such treatments. Some are not safe and can cause serious side effects.

Furthermore, we spend a great deal of time and money doing research to find out what treatments work best (or don’t work) for people with cancer. It is disheartening to see health advice or even therapies being recommended with very little or no evidence to show that they have any benefit for patients.

To highlight specific flaws in this article:

Diet: The article makes claims for the cancer-fighting properties of a number of foods, including avocados, garlic, tomatoes and beetroot (which has apparently “been shown to kill cancer cells”) and also mentions the power of “antioxidants”. While we would agree that it’s important for everyone – including cancer patients – to eat a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables where possible, there is no good evidence to suggest that any particular foodstuff can really treat cancer. The writer makes the mistake of using evidence from experiments with purified vegetable extracts carried out on cells grown in the laboratory to suggest that certain fruits or vegetables can treat cancer in patients. This is not a plausible link. We’ve addressed this issue several times on the blog, including here and here, and have also taken an in-depth look at antioxidants and cancer in two parts.

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Science fact or science fiction? Making sense of cancer stories in the media

man reading newspaper

The media is full of stories about cancer

Cancer is a hot topic in the media, from headlines about the latest cancer-fighting ‘superfood’ to scare stories about the causes of cancer.

And hardly a week goes by without a front page dedicated to a potential “wonder drug” or new treatment.

And it’s no surprise – most of us have been touched by cancer in some way or other, so there’s a big appetite for news. But this wealth of information can be overwhelming – and can sometimes seem contradictory.

Is red wine good or bad for us? Just how much broccoli should we eat? And why does it take so long for headline-grabbing “breakthroughs” to result in better cancer treatments?

It can sometimes seem that scientists don’t know what they’re talking about, or that everything is over-hyped. How do you know what to believe?

For a start, at Cancer Research UK, we provide authoritative, evidence-based information about cancer, written by experts. Our award-winning patient information website, CancerHelp UK helps people find out more about cancer treatments and symptoms, as well as risks and causes. And this blog, as well as our news feed, aim to provide accurate and balanced coverage of the latest news stories and advances in cancer research.

The NHS Choices’ Behind the Headlines blog also covers cancer stories in the news in depth.

But how do you work out whether a cancer story in the media is a reasonable and accurate reflection of a new discovery, or has fallen victim to hype?

Let’s look in a bit more depth at how research works, and how to look behind the headlines.

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Melanoma genome reveals UV damage and treatment targets

The sun

Researchers have finally pinned down the link between UV radiation and gene faults that drive melanoma. Image source: Wikimedia Commons

We all need a bit of sunshine in our lives – something that’s often lacking in the Great British Summer.

But while UV light (radiation) from the sun helps our bodies to make vitamin D, which is vital for building healthy bones, there’s a dark side to UV. It damages our DNA – the genetic ‘instruction manual’ in all our cells – which increases the risk of skin cancer.

Researchers have shown that eight out of 10 cases of malignant melanoma – the most dangerous form of skin cancer – are caused by getting too much UV, either from the sun or sunbeds. There’s also good evidence from population studies to show that getting sunburned at any age doubles the risk of developing melanoma later in life, and people who have the highest levels of UV exposure also have a higher skin cancer risk.

But up until now, there’s been an inconvenient problem for researchers studying precisely how UV-induced DNA damage leads to skin cancer: the major gene faults known to be involved in melanoma don’t actually show the hallmarks of UV damage. And because UV can cause such widespread damage throughout our genome, it’s been hard to pin down exactly which other genes might be involved in the disease.

Thanks to the advent of high-tech genome sequencing technology, this conundrum may have now been solved by two research teams in the US. Their results prove beyond doubt that UV-induced genetic damage can drive the development of melanoma, and highlight important new targets for future treatments for the disease.

Let’s take a closer look at what they found.

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Podcast: Smoking and work-related cancers, testosterone on trial, and a Nobel Prize winner

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This month, a survey highlights that many are unaware of the range of cancers caused by smoking, and a new study reveals that 8,000 people a year are dying from work-related cancers. Plus, a report finds that an increased cancer risk fails to motivate people to lose weight.

We also hear about a clinical trial of testosterone therapy for young men who have survived cancer. And, with the Olympics looming, we meet one of our prize-winning researchers who has truly gone the distance – Sir Tim Hunt.

Listen now through the player below or on SoundCloud:

Or download the podcast from SoundCloud

Also, the podcast is available on iTunes to subscribe and download for free, and you can explore our archive on SoundCloud. There’s also a full transcript of the podcast on our website.

We hope you enjoy it – please do let us know what you think of the podcast in the comments below, leave us a comment on the SoundCloud player, or email us at podcast@cancer.org.uk. We’ve just moved all our podcasts over to SoundCloud, so it would be great to know what you think of our new home.

Kat

Cannabis, cannabinoids and cancer – the evidence so far

An illustration of cannabis plants

Cannabis has long been used for medicinal as well as recreational purposes. Image source

Few topics spark as much debate on this blog and on our Facebook page than cannabis.

So we thought we’d take a look at the common questions raised about the evidence and research into cannabis, cannabinoids (the active chemicals found in the plant and elsewhere) and cancer, and address some of the wider issues that crop up in this debate.

We’ve broken it down under a number of headings:

This post is long, but can be summarised by saying that at the moment there isn’t enough reliable evidence to prove that cannabinoids – whether natural or synthetic – can effectively treat cancer in patients, although research is ongoing around the world.

Read on to get the full picture.

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Podcast: Curry chemical on trial, death rates fall, ASCO conference highlights and more

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This month, a new trial looks at the cancer-fighting properties of the curry chemical curcumin, while we take a look at the reasons why cancer deaths in middle age have fallen.

Plus, we hear why it’s important that the new prostate cancer drug abiraterone has been approved by NICE, and highlight a concerning study revealing poorer cancer survival in men with mental illness.

And finally, we bring you our highlights from the recent ASCO Conference in Chicago – the biggest cancer conference in the world.

Listen now through the player below:

Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.

Or click here to download the podcast as an mp3.

Also, the podcast is available on iTunes to subscribe and download for free.

Alternatively, go to the podcast page on our website, where you can hear the show directly through our own Flash player and explore previous shows in the archive. And there’s also a full transcript of the podcast available here.

We hope you enjoy it – please do let us know what you think of the podcast in the comments below, or email us at podcast@cancer.org.uk.

Kat